Dr Andrew Blaikie
Senior Lecturer in Ophthalmology
Research areas
I am a Senior Lecturer in the Infection and Global Health Division of the School of Medicine at the University of St Andrews and lead for the Digital Diagnostics and Emerging Technologies stream of the Mackenzie Institute for early diagnosis. Through education and research collaborations I am also Honorary Lecturer at the Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia and the University of Rwanda School of Allied Health Sciences. My work as a Primary Eye Care educator has led me me to become a technical advisor for Christian Blind Mission (CBM) Global as well as Tanzaneye NGO based in Western Tanzania. Clinically I work as a part-time Consultant Ophthalmologist in NHS Fife, Scotland with an interest in Paediatrics and Emergency Eye Care.
After studying Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, graudating in 1993, I entered ophthalmology training in NHS Tayside and Fife completing training with a Fellowship in Paediatric Ophthalmology at the Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane with Professor Gole in 2005. During training I took a two-year sabbatical with the University of Edinburgh to develop a support network and notification system for children with visual impairment called ‘VI Scotland’. While a specialist trainee I promoted interdisciplinary working and community based functional vision assessment teams for children with complex needs.
As a Consultant I developed paediatric ophthalmology services in NHS Fife and led the national referral assessment service for children with visual impairment at the Children’s Hospital in Glasgow.
In 2011 I took a further sabbatical period to work as lead paediatric ophthalmologist at CCBRT disability hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Since returning from Tanzania in collaboration with community paediatric colleagues I establsihed a new national Visual Impairment Managed Clinical Network (VINCYP) for Scotland.
While lead ophthalmologist with VINCYP we developed and implemented a tailored visual impairment registration system for children and young people. In April 2018 the Scottish Government adopted the register as the statutory visual impairment system for children.
In 2015 I joined the Infection and Global Health Division at the University of St Andrews and now work in four main areas.
1) Frugal Diagnostic Tools for Low Resource Settings
2) Inter-Professional Primary Eye Care Education
3) Tanzanian Endemic Optic Neuropathy
4) Childhood Cerebral Visual Impairment
Frugal Diagnostic Tools for Low Resource Settings
Working closely with industry and the major eye care NGOs I am the clinical and research lead of a team that develops and evaluates a range of solar powered low cost diagnostic devices for identification of vision and hearing impairment in low and middle-income countries.
Inter-Professional Primary Eye Care Education
To complement implementation of these devices a range of simulation tools and educational packages have been developed and are being implemented and evaluated in several Sub-Saharan African countries.
Tanzanian Endemic Optic Neuropathy
Along with Dr Freddie Burgess we lead an internationally recognsied team that is investigating the causes of TEON, the most common cause of visual impairment amongst youg people in Tanzania. The team’s hypothesis is that lack of exposure to sunlight and a diet dominated solely by carbohydrate in a genetically predisposed population are the major underlying causes of the disease.
Childhood Cerebral Visual Impairment
Through work with the national registration system in Scotland the causes and associations of childhood visual impairment are being identified revealing strong associations with deprivation and maternal drug use. These findings will inform national policy on prevention and habilitation of childhood disability in Scotland and other developed countries.
Selected publications
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Open access
Assessing unknown potential—quality and limitations of different large language models in the field of otorhinolaryngology
Buhr, C. R., Smith, H., Huppertz, T., Bahr-Hamm, K., Matthias, C., Cuny, C., Snijders, J. P., Ernst, B. P., Blaikie, A., Kelsey, T., Kuhn, S. & Eckrich, J., 23 May 2024, In: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. Latest Articles, p. 1-6 6 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Chasing sleep physicians: ChatGPT-4o on the interpretation of polysomnographic results
Seifen, C., Huppertz, T., Gouveris, H., Bahr-Hamm, K., Pordzik, J., Eckrich, J., Smith, H., Kelsey, T., Blaikie, A., Matthias, C., Kuhn, S. & Buhr, C. R., 21 Oct 2024, In: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Open access
Decolonising the 'red' reflex test: transitioning from terminology based on colour to anatomy
Kelly, C., Anderson, M., Smith, H., Kousha, O., Hitchcott, N., Reddy, M. A. & Blaikie, A., 21 Nov 2024, (E-pub ahead of print) In: Eye. 3 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Open access
Effective low-cost pediatric vision screening by naive nonophthalmic examiners using the 'Arclight' device
Gore, R., Wang, J. N., Yang, C. D., An, M., Hunter, S. C., Shahraki, K., Blaikie, A. & Suh, D. W., 11 Jul 2024, (E-pub ahead of print) In: Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 4 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Large language models in ORL -- Danger or opportunity?
Buhr, C. R., Smith, H., Huppertz, T., Bahr-Hamm, K., Matthias, C., Cuny, C., Snijders, J. P., Ernst, B., Blaikie, A., Kelsey, T., Kuhn, S. & Eckrich, J., 19 Apr 2024, In: Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie. 103, S 02Research output: Contribution to journal › Abstract › peer-review
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Open access
The status and outcomes of interprofessional health education in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Kitema, G. F., Laidlaw, A. H., O'Carroll, V., Sagahutu, J. B. & Blaikie, A., 1 Jan 2024, In: Journal of Interprofessional Care. 38, 1, p. 133-155 23 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Open access
Urology consultants versus large language models: potentials and hazards for medical advice in urology
Eckrich, J., Ellinger, J., Cox, A., Stein, J., Ritter, M., Blaikie, A., Kuhn, S. & Buhr, C. R., 3 Apr 2024, (E-pub ahead of print) In: BJUI Compass. Early View, 7 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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A new technique for teaching the fundal reflex test and fundoscopy: 'screen casting' with the Arclight direct ophthalmoscope attached to the camera of a mobile phone
Staniszewski, B., Atukunda, I., Kousha, O., Kitema, G. F. & Blaikie, A., 11 Dec 2023, (E-pub ahead of print)Research output: Other contribution
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Open access
ChatGPT versus consultants: blinded evaluation on answering otorhinolaryngology case–based questions
Buhr, C. R., Smith, H., Huppertz, T., Bahr-Hamm, K., Matthias, C., Blaikie, A., Kelsey, T., Kuhn, S. & Eckrich, J., 5 Dec 2023, In: JMIR Medical Education. 9, 9 p., e49183.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Frugal tele-otoscopy for low resource settings – an online evaluation study among ENT specialists
Buhr, R. C., Bahr-Hamm, K., Kousha, O. & Blaikie, A., 12 May 2023, (E-pub ahead of print) In: Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie. 102, S02, S199.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review