Prof Doug I Benn
Professor of Environmental Change
Research areas
1. Iceberg calving
Monitoring and modelling iceberg calving processes, including development and implementation of physically based 'calving laws' for ice sheet models (Benn et al., 2007a, b; Mottram and Benn, 2009; Nick et al., 2010; Luckman et al., 2015; Åström et al., 2013; Medrzycka et al., 2016; Benn et al., 2017a, b; How et al., 2017, 2019; Todd et al., 2018, in review; Vallot et al., 2018, 2019; Schild et al, 2018; Benn and Åström, 2018; Åström and Benn, 2019; Bevan et al., in review). The NERC-funded projects CALISMO and DOMINOS are yielding the next generation of calving models for Greenland and Antarctica, respectively, to reduce uncertainty in the ice sheet contribution to 21st C sea level rise.
2. NSF/NERC International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration
Unstable retreat of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, could raise mean global sea level by up to 1m in the 21st C under a high carbon scenario. DOMINOS is one of eight projects making up the International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration, which aims to reduce uncertainties over projected rates of sea level rise in response to alternative carbon futures. DOMINOS focuses on key processes of ice shelf disintegration and calving, which could possibly initiate collapse within a few decades. The prospect of rapid sea level rise has major implications for planning adaptation and risk management strategies worldwide. Results from DOMINOS will provide input for IPCC AR6, and are being disseminated via the GeoBus project, print and online media.
3. Glacier surges
Development of the first general theory of glacier surging, which can explain the full spectrum of glacier dynamic behaviour in a single framework (Benn et al., 2019a). The theory is based on the enthalpy budget of glacier systems and their interactions with local climates, and predicts that climate change can trigger step changes in glacier dynamics. The theory has been successfully tested against global-scale statistical data (Sevestre and Benn, 2015), and observations from individual glaciers (Sevestre et al., 2015, 2018; Benn et al., 2019b).
4. Glacio-speleology
Application of glacio-speleology (ice caving) to glaciological problems, including making the first systematic investigations of internal glacial drainage systems in Svalbard and the Himalaya (Gulley and Benn, 2007; Gulley et al., 2009a, b; Benn et al. 2009a, b). Our ability to directly access and study glacial drainage systems has yielded a new understanding of water flow through glaciers, and its implications for glacier dynamics (Gulley et al., 2012, 2013; Makoff et al., 2017; Temminghof et al., 2018; Hansen et al., in review).
5. Response of high mountain glaciers to climate change
Using field, remote sensing, and speleological data, we have shown how climate change triggers a complex cascade of effects in Himalayan glaciers, including increased melting, decreased flow velocity and stagnation, and retention of meltwater (Benn et al., 2001, 2012, 2017; Thompson et al., 2012; 2016). Together with detailed geophysical studies of moraine dam stability, this work provides a rational basis for prediction of outburst flood hazard risks in high mountain regions (Mertes et al., 2016; Benn et al., 2017; Thompson et al., 2017).
6. Snowball Earth
An international team led by Ian Fairchild (University of Birmingham) demonstrated that orbital cycles exerted a key control on ice-sheet dynamics during Neoproterozoic panglaciations (Benn et al., 2015). This reconciles long-standing discrepancies between Snowball Earth theory and the geological record, and has set a new agenda for Neoproterozoic studies (Fairchild et al., 2016; Fleming et al., 2016; Hoffman et al., 2017). I continue to collaborate with Ian Fairchild, Tony Spencer and others on the Neoproterozoic Port Askaig Formation in Scotland.
Selected publications
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Open access
A new 3D full-Stokes calving algorithm within Elmer/Ice (v9.0)
Wheel, I. A., Benn, D. I., Crawford, A. J., Todd, J. & Zwinger, T., 31 Jul 2024, In: Geoscientific Model Development. 17, 14, p. 5759-5777 19 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Open access
Calving dynamics at Jakobshavn Isbrae (Sermeq Kujalleq) controlled by local geometry: insights from a 3D Stokes calving model
Wheel, I. A., Crawford, A. J. & Benn, D. I., 18 Nov 2024, (E-pub ahead of print) In: Journal of Glaciology. FirstView, 12 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Open access
Stability of ice shelves and ice cliffs in a changing climate
Bassis, J. N., Crawford, A., Kachuck, S. B., Benn, D. I., Walker, C., Millstein, J., Duddu, R., Åström, J., Fricker, H. & Luckman, A., 30 May 2024, In: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 52, p. 221-247 27 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Open access
Controls on calving at a large Greenland tidewater glacier: stress regime, self-organised criticality and the crevasse-depth calving law
Benn, D. I., Todd, J., Luckman, A., Bevan, S., Chudley, T. R., Åström, J., Zwinger, T., Cook, S. & Christoffersen, P., 5 Dec 2023, (E-pub ahead of print) In: Journal of Glaciology. First View, 16 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Open access
Enthalpy balance theory unifies diverse glacier surge behaviour
Benn, D. I., Hewitt, I. J. & Luckman, A. J., 17 Apr 2023, In: Annals of Glaciology. 63, 87-89, p. 88-94 7 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Glacial landscapes and landforms in Wester Ross
Ballantyne, C. & Benn, D. I., 2023, The Quaternary of Wester Ross: field guide. Ballantyne, C. (ed.). London: Quaternary Research Association, p. 85–126 42 p. (Field guide (Quaternary research association)).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter
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Open access
Glacier monitoring using real-aperture 94 GHz radar
Harcourt, W. D., Robertson, D. A., Macfarlane, D. G., Rea, B. R., Spagnolo, M., Benn, D. I. & James, M. R., 1 Jun 2023, (E-pub ahead of print) In: Annals of Glaciology. 63, 87-89, p. 116-120 5 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Open access
A regionally resolved inventory of High Mountain Asia surge-type glaciers, derived from a multi-factor remote sensing approach
Guillet, G., King, O., Lv, M., Ghuffar, S., Benn, D., Quincey, D. & Bolch, T., 18 Feb 2022, In: Cryosphere. 16, 2, p. 603-623 21 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Open access
Rapid fragmentation of Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf
Benn, D. I., Luckman, A., Åström, J. A., Crawford, A. J., Cornford, S. L., Bevan, S. L., Zwinger, T., Gladstone, R., Alley, K., Pettit, E. & Bassis, J., 27 Jun 2022, In: Cryosphere. 16, 6, p. 2545-2564 20 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Open access
A first constraint on basal melt-water production of the Greenland ice sheet
Karlsson, N. B., Solgaard, A. M., Mankoff, K. D., Gillet-Chaulet, F., MacGregor, J. A., Box, J. E., Citterio, M., Colgan, W. T., Larsen, S. H., Kjeldsen, K. K., Korsgaard, N. J., Benn, D. I., Hewitt, I. J. & Fausto, R. S., 8 Jun 2021, In: Nature Communications. 12, 3461.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review