Research areas
My research has focussed upon protein biogenesis within a group of positive-stranded RNA viruses, the Picornaviruses. Such viruses possess a single, long, open reading frame, but must generate multiple proteins for their RNA replication and encapsidation: they encode a 'polyprotein'. My work at the IAH, Pirbright on Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus (FMDV) indicated that one polyprotein 'cleavage' event was most unusual. This work was carried forward and expanded at St Andrews where we determined that this 'cleavage' event was not proteolytic, but was a novel translational 'recoding' event mediated by an oligopeptide sequence: '2A'. Our present work involves the molecular mechanism of this recoding event, the use of this system for biomedical and biotechnological applications and the occurrence of '2A-like sequences in other viral and cellular sequences.
Relatively recently, permission was granted by HSE/DEFRA for St Andrews to work with the FMDV 'replicon' - stimulating a major new line of research. In collaboration with the Pibright Institute and the Universities of Leeds, Dundee and Edinburgh (initially funded by the Wellcome Trust, but now funded by a BBSRC SLoLa grant), the consortium has embarked upon a comprehensive study of the molecular biology of FMDV replication. A substantial component of this program of work involves harnessing modern molecular approaches for the development of a new generation of FMDV vaccines.
Selected publications
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Open access
Picornavirus evolution: genomes encoding multiple 2ANPGP sequences—biomedical and biotechnological utility
Luke, G. A., Ross, L. S., Lo, Y.-T., Wu, H.-C. & Ryan, M. D., 9 Oct 2024, In: Viruses. 16, 10, 17 p., 1587.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Open access
Immunogenicity of a secreted, C‑terminally truncated, form of bovine viral diarrhea virus E2 glycoprotein as a potential candidate in subunit vaccine development.
Lo, Y. T., Ryan, M. D., Luke, G. A., Chang, W. C. & Wu, H. C., 6 Jan 2023, In: Scientific Reports. 13, 11 p., 296.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Open access
Expression and immunogenicity of secreted forms of bovine ephemeral fever virus glycoproteins applied to subunit vaccine development
Lo, Y.-T., Tulloch, F., Wu, H.-C., Luke, G. A., Ryan, M. D. & Chu, C.-Y., Sept 2021, In: Journal of Applied Microbiology. 131, 3, p. 1123-1135 12 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Open access
Insights into gastrointestinal virome: etiology and public exposure
Nour, I., Hanif, A., Ryan, M. D. & Eifan, S., 8 Oct 2021, In: Water. 13, 19, 34 p., 2794.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Open access
Molecular biological techniques and genome sequencing/bioinformatics analysis converge to identify RNA secondary structures in the genome of foot-and-mouth disease virus essential for replication
Ryan, M. D. & Luke, G. A., 14 May 2021, In: Journal of Infectious Diseases & Preventive Medicine. 9, 4, p. 1-3 3 p., 1000223.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review
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Open access
Mutagenesis mapping of RNA structures within the foot-and-mouth disease virus genome reveals functional elements localized in the polymerase (3Dpol)-encoding region
Lasecka-Dykes, L., Tulloch, F., Simmonds, P., Luke, G. A., Ribeca, P., Gold, S., Knowles, N. J., Wright, C. F., Wadsworth, J., Azhar, M., King, D. P., Tuthill, T. J., Jackson, T. & Ryan, M. D., 25 Aug 2021, In: mSphere. 6, 4, p. 1-19 19 p., e00015-21.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Translation of viral proteins
Ryan, M. D. & Luke, G. A., 1 Mar 2021, Encyclopedia of virology: Volume 1 The virus as a concept - Fundamentals of virology. Bamford, D. H. & Zuckerman, M. (eds.). 4th ed. New York: Academic Press/Elsevier , p. 444-459 16 p.Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter
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A transgenic line that reports CSF1R protein expression provides a definitive marker for the mouse mononuclear phagocyte system
Grabert, K., Sehgal, A., Irvine, K. M., Wollscheid-Lengeling, E., Ozdemir, D. D., Stables, J., Luke, G. A., Ryan, M. D., Adamson, A., Humphreys, N. E., Sandrock, C. J., Rojo, R., Verkasalo, V. A., Mueller, W., Hohenstein, P., Pettit, A. R., Pridans, C. & Hume, D. A., 1 Dec 2020, In: The Journal of Immunology. 205, 11Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Open access
Problems in FMD eradication: a way forward?
Tulloch, F., Luke, G. A. & Ryan, M. D., 5 Jul 2018, In: Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Research. 5, 5, 6 p., 1140.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review
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Open access
Therapeutic applications of the 'NPGP' family of viral 2As
Luke, G. A. & Ryan, M. D., Nov 2018, In: Reviews in Medical Virology. 28, 6, 12 p., e2001.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review